Forensic Accounting in Practice - 1443 Words

Running Head Page 1 Forensic Accounting In Practice Ronald Wimberly-EL Bagher Fardanes, Ph.D, MPA Business 508 May 19,2013 Running Head: Forensic Accounting In Practice Page 2 The five most important skills a forensic accountant should know are: Accounting, Auditing, Investigative, Evidence gathering, and†¦show more content†¦More importantly, they help put together and implement systems and controls to prevent internal or external fraud from happening again.[Forensic Accounting: Kessler Internet]. Running Head: Forensic Accounting In Practice Page 4 Accounting professionals do important responsibilities beyond preparing financial statements. In a more critical role, they help managers interpret the statements by comparing data about the firm’s current activities to those for previous periods and to results posted by other companies in the industry. Fraud, by its very nature, is hidden in the accounting systems of organizations and therefore a forensic accountant is usually required to unravel the transaction history and reveal what has actually occurred. As part of this, the forensic accountant is often called upon to quantify the value of the loss experienced by an organization or individual. Any lost funds are traced from bank account to bank account to identify where the money( or assets ) being overstated by false accounting in the financial statements and records. The forensic accountant’s role is therefore to understand the accounting records and show the true nature of the transactions being recorded. Simila rly, forensic accountants are a key part in the investigationShow MoreRelatedForensic Accounting and Your Organization1185 Words   |  5 PagesForensic Accounting and Your Organization 1 Running Head: FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: WHAT IT CAN DO FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION Forensic Accounting: What It Can Do For Your Organization Kira Bailey Dr. Harper BUS 520 Strayer University Charleston, SC Forensic Accounting and Your Organization 2 ABSTRACT Forensic accounting is the application of financial skills and an investigative mentality to unresolved issues, conducted within the context of the rules of evidenceRead MoreForensic Accounting1628 Words   |  7 PagesFORENSIC ACCOUNTING MORE THAN JUST NUMBERS The field of accounting is no longer just for those who enjoy crunching numbers. Preparing financial statements, internal auditing, and tax accounting are only the tip of the iceberg. In today s society of the money hungry, the sue happy, and the financially unfit, a new breed of accountant; the Forensic Accountant has emerged. Although Investigative Accounting has been around for years, it has only recently begun to transform into the scienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Balancing The Books 1172 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past, the act of â€Å"balancing the books† involved hammering through countless accounting records and ledgers, anticipating that debit entries will equal to credit entries. In current times â€Å"balancing the books† is much more complex as we have electronic databases that are housing financial data and computer software that is computing the financial data for multi-national companies, worth billions of dollars. The current state of th e global economy makes it possible for an investor in GermanyRead MoreInvestigation Of Funds Earmarked For Public Projects945 Words   |  4 Pagesbemoaning the fees charged by an accounting firm in conjunction with an investigation of funds earmarked for public projects in our community. Based on the information presented in the article, it appeared that the author did not properly appreciate the difference between â€Å"normal† accounting and forensic accounting. Additionally, the author did not appreciate the value provided by forensic accountants. The following addresses both of these information gaps. Forensic accounting began as just a necessaryRead MoreForensics Accounting : Kessler International1612 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders in forensics accounting and investigations. With its headquarters in New York City, the small company was able to grow. This firm is renowned in many countries around the world. Its dedicated accountants and analysists work very hard to catch people suspected of committing crimes involving money. Due to fraud and other forms of dishonest business behavior, Kessler International steps in to investigate. They offer a wide variety of services ranging from Forensic Accounting, Digital Forensics, IntellectualRead MoreLegal And Regulatory Environments And Ethics1712 Words   |  7 PagesRegulatory Environments and Ethics: Essential Components of a Fraud and Forensic Accounting Curriculum Forensic accounting is defined as the action of identifying, recording, settling, extracting, sorting, reporting, and verifying past financial data or other accounting activities for settling current or prospective legal disputes or using such past financial data for projecting future financial data to settle legal disputes. Forensic accountant are very important part of the business for the expertRead More Foensic Accounting Essays874 Words   |  4 PagesFoensic Accounting Corporations are often the victims of the most common white-collar crimes that occur in corporate America. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (cfenet.com), â€Å"abuse and fraud by employees cost U.S. organizations more than $400 billion annually†¦[which equals] $9 per employee per day.† These statistics show the corporate need for forensic accountants, there also is an immense demand for these specialized accountants in the private sector. For exampleRead MoreForensic Accounting1497 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessors from Rider College interviewed over 150 lawyers, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) and accounting educators. The study identified sixteen skills needed by forensic accountants. According to the study, the five most important skills are analytical skills, basic accounting skills, problem solving skills, data analysis skills and interviewing skills (McMullen Sanchez, 2010). Forensic accountants need analytical skills because as they review financial reports and other source documentsRead MoreThe Role of Accounting in Business Society631 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Accounting in Business and Society According to Merriam-Webster the full definition of accounting is the system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions and analyzing, verifying, and reporting the results. An accountant is one who is skilled in the practice of accounting or who is in charge of public or private accounts. (http://www.merriam-webster.com, n.d.) Someone who has obtained a bachelor’s degree in accounting can pursue many different accounting career fieldsRead MoreThe Factors of a Good Fraud Examiner926 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of fraud examiner/forensic accounting profession since the 2001 Enron Fraud After the Enron and WorldCom business climate, there came a new US federal law called Sarbanes – Oxley Act. The SOX contains 11 titles that describe specific mandates and requirements for financial reporting. It makes corporate executives more accountable for their actions. Companies invested a tremendous amount of resources, time, and effort in order to comply with the requirements. It clearly improved the

Personal Reflection On Entrepreneurship - 1845 Words

The purpose of writing this report is to show how much I have learned and experience from enrolling in BBA 220. It is also include the impression and my personal reflection about the unit itself, and also the reflection about group project. Before I start this unit, I do not understand much about entrepreneur and entrepreneurship at all. I just know that people who do business are businessmen. However, after joining this unit, my understanding toward entrepreneur become different. Entrepreneur is someone who is willing to take risk by inventing a new business that does not exist in the market or start up their own business to make profit or take benefit of an opportunity. On the other hand, according to Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950),†¦show more content†¦There is me who study in Marketing. Matthew Chong studies in finance. Tanya Kazzi studies in bachelor of commerce which concentrate on HR. Eric Deng studies in business for four year that has a deep understanding about research and development. And Bhavisha Pindoria who studies in operation management. Because of our academic background, the work was divided according to their own respective specialty. My task in this project is to develop a marketing strategy and also analyze the market. I have done many researches that related to market that include competitors analysis, market segmentation, medium channel to deliver the message of the company as well as consumer behavior. My role is to ensure that we can position our company in the target segmentation by build up brand awareness and brand recall, and also find the effective way to deliver the message to our customers and attract them to purchase our service. My expectation toward my teammate is that we can create a good business plan and each of them can complete their own task. I also hope to understand better to see if there is any potential business partner in the future as well. And I also understand that my teammate expect me to do a bett er job in my part as well and to find the best solution that suit to our company. In the process of this group project, we face some difficulty due to the lack of communication andShow MoreRelatedWhy True Innovators Must Behave Like Entrepreneurs1029 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Analysis of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Innovation According to the author, personal entrepreneurship is the ability of a person to trade in goods and services for the purposes of creating wealth for the individual, while personal innovation is the ability to generate new ideas for the purpose of creating new or improved products or services. The author further argued that organizational entrepreneurship is the knack of the registered business toRead MoreEntrepreneurship : The Entrepreneurial Function1623 Words   |  7 Pageshave differing ideas on the relative value of resources or when resources are turned from inputs into outputs. The theory of the entrepreneur focuses on the heterogeneity of beliefs about the value of resources (Alvarez and Busenitz, 2001: 756). Entrepreneurship – the entrepreneurial function, can be conceptualized as the discovery of opportunities and the subsequent creation of new economic activity, as a majority or active shareholder who, in many small and medium–sized firms, assumes both the e ntrepreneurialRead MoreThe And Spouses Saw Business Outcomes880 Words   |  4 Pagesbelow table shows their feeling towards the new venture:- The following table describes about the time in entreprenuer’s life as well as their spouses: Discussion about special attention areas ï‚ · Entrepreneurship is a topic which definitely relates Engineering Management because entrepreneurship is itself starting a business and Engineering Management itself is managingthe Business. ï‚ · Yes my selected topic is important in Engineering Management because To be an entrepreneur one should haveRead MoreCompassionate Leadership : Compassionate Leader1688 Words   |  7 Pagesin authenticity, authority, and availability. Within an organization, workers can only be as effective as those who lead them. If employees are asked to blindly follow the leadership of an arrogant or abusive individual who has little regard for personal well-being or interests, then employees will begin to imitate that indifference. Employees care deeply about companies that care for them, and when they feel that their leaders and their company have doesn’t recognize their strengths or their ambitionsRead MoreThe Legal Issues For Technologists1639 Words   |  7 Pagesa thorough and effective reflection, one that I believe will be the most beneficial to me, it is imperative that we start at the beginning of the class. I would like to reflect on my efforts throughout each week, looking at the challenges faced, the practical skills I have attained, and the how I might use said skills in my life currently, or in the future. Week 1 In our first week of classes we examined several the liabilities of a person’s professional and personal life. We took a look at whatRead MoreFailed Entrepreneurial Activity1664 Words   |  7 Pageschanging world. According to the Burns (2010), the success is a survival for the long term in the turbulent business world. It hints that the failure represents the collapse of the business growth, which causes the risk and the worst situation is the personal bankrupt. In the following paragraphs, the dark and bright of fail outcomes would be introduced and discuss whether the failure is a desirable outcome of entrepreneurial activity or not. The first reason why the failure is not a great outcome isRead MoreSample Reflection Assignments1243 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿SAMPLE Reflective Writing Assignments: COURSE: Going Local: Service-Learning to Link Entrepreneurship, Policy and Science (ASCI 297 and CDAE/NFS/PPS 195/295) INSTRUCTOR: Richard Schramm Written assignments are of two types: Reflections and Project Reports. Reflections: An essential element for student learning in service-learning courses is written and oral reflections on the field study experience, as well as on other elements of the course. To have an experience isn’t enough to ensureRead MoreThe Intersection Between Globalization And Local Entrepreneurship1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe intersection between globalization and local entrepreneurship, defined by specialists as â€Å"international entrepreneurship†, has started to receive more and more attention over the last two decades (Mathews and Zander, 2007, p. 395). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the global economy and have a big impact on incomes, outputs, and the employment sector. The latest report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) stated that the main challenge for businesses, governmentsRead MoreThe Factor That Contributes The Success Of An Economy As A Whole Is Diversity Essay2068 Words   |  9 Pages Furthermore, one type of institution that forms a considerable facet of the diversity of economies are entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship describes any institution that begins without the support of any higher corporation or established business. Any individual can study how an entrepreneur works and makes decisions in an economics class or they can even major in entrepreneurship in some universities. However, these educational institutions many times fail to inculcate in their students how these typesRead MoreAssignment Entrepreneurship and Business plan final piece Essay2006 Words   |  9 Pageslocus of control: 5 2.3. Need for achievement 6 3. Weaknesses: 7 3.1. Risk-taker 7 3.2. Innovativeness 7 3.3. Proactivity 8 4. Conclusion: 9 References: 10 Personal reflection on entrepreneurial characteristics 1. Introduction: Over the years, several attempts have been made in explaining the term entrepreneurship. Surprisingly there is still no universally accepted definition. Meredith et al 1982, quoted by Kirby 2003 define entrepreneurs as â€Å"people who have the ability to see and

The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another Free Essays

It was the year 2008. Exactly 833 days prior to the writing of this essay, Barack Obama was elected to be the 44th president of the United States of America. The road that lay ahead of this relatively young, but undoubtedly brilliant politician was laden with pot-holes, cracks, and unpaved areas. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another or any similar topic only for you Order Now He faced the repercussions of an economic meltdown, two foreign wars against an unidentifiable enemy, and dismal education system. It can be said that political change was eminent, with the several new faces on Capital Hill and a resounding cry of ‘Hope’ among the nations’ voters. But at the same time, it could also be said that technologic landscape was changing as well. Social media, cell phones, cable television, and the internet would have been words of tomfoolery to anyone before the 1990’s. And yet, only 2 decades later all of the items listed above play a major role in the domestic and international political landscape. Never before this time period would you have seen so many voters influenced by presidential candidates’ appearances on ‘Saturday Night Live’, or a mass riot in Egypt organized by Twitter. The examples of change during our current time period and several others from the past have lead me to believe that neither political or technological change are ever more important than the other, but instead each have a direct influence on one another that drives change to occur in general. The middle of the 20th century has been marked as a time of great triumph for the United States. The country was finally being recognized as a modern day heavyweight on the international scene. Emerging relatively healthy from the Great Depression as well as two World Wars, it seemed that their was truly one worry on the minds of the American Citizens: The Rise of Communism. The tensions between the US and Eastern Europe and Asia were consistently on the rise. Our leaders did everything they could to warn their people about the dangers of that type of government and how the country could show the world what the power of a democracy could accomplish. They heavily encouraged scientific and medical advances, an increase in free enterprise, a movement for improved technology, as well as artistic and philosophical ideas. The results received were unbelievable, between the development of nuclear weaponry and advances in space exploration, the introduction of rock and roll, discovery of DNA, a cure for polio, and launch of nationwide television service, this time period may easily have been one of the greatest advances in technology in the history of mankind, but the forces that drove these events to occur had steep political backings, showing that although equal in importance, each could play a direct role on one-another. Now that examples have been given of important technological change affecting politics and vice-versa, it is time to take a closer look at the time period in question: the turn of the 19th century. It had been 36 years since the establishment of the United States and 11 since the new government had been put in place. Although this new government did have some kinks to work out, with some larger problems coming in the future, the vast majority the system did not require change. In the worlds of science, medicine, architecture, etc. , while some advances such as bi-focals, steam engines, and spinning jennys, there was not necessarily an introduction that dramatically changed everyday functions of the citizens of the United States. Therefore, the time period of the early 1800’s, although important, should be marked as somewhat of a stalemate in terms of change. It marked a time in which a country was trying to establish itself among other world powers, a country attempting to survive its infancy. A lot can be said about the concept of change. It can be viewed in both positive and negative light. In terms of political and technological change, it should be said that, no matter positive or negative, they consistently show a correlation between each-other. Major technological change can play an equally important role in how political change can occur, while important political change can play a major role in determining technological change, they both play an equally important part. Looking back through history, examples can be made of Egyptian Pharaohs forcing their people to make technological advances to build ancient temples, cities, and monuments. Also, advances made in travel during the later half of the 2nd millennium forced leaders of major powers to begin interacting on a more regular basis. No matter the time period, these two sections of possible change will never have one show more importance than the other. As citizens, we should always be looking to make the right decisions and holding the correct beliefs, because change is inevitable, but growth is optional. How to cite The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another, Papers

The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another Free Essays

It was the year 2008. Exactly 833 days prior to the writing of this essay, Barack Obama was elected to be the 44th president of the United States of America. The road that lay ahead of this relatively young, but undoubtedly brilliant politician was laden with pot-holes, cracks, and unpaved areas. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another or any similar topic only for you Order Now He faced the repercussions of an economic meltdown, two foreign wars against an unidentifiable enemy, and dismal education system. It can be said that political change was eminent, with the several new faces on Capital Hill and a resounding cry of ‘Hope’ among the nations’ voters. But at the same time, it could also be said that technologic landscape was changing as well. Social media, cell phones, cable television, and the internet would have been words of tomfoolery to anyone before the 1990’s. And yet, only 2 decades later all of the items listed above play a major role in the domestic and international political landscape. Never before this time period would you have seen so many voters influenced by presidential candidates’ appearances on ‘Saturday Night Live’, or a mass riot in Egypt organized by Twitter. The examples of change during our current time period and several others from the past have lead me to believe that neither political or technological change are ever more important than the other, but instead each have a direct influence on one another that drives change to occur in general. The middle of the 20th century has been marked as a time of great triumph for the United States. The country was finally being recognized as a modern day heavyweight on the international scene. Emerging relatively healthy from the Great Depression as well as two World Wars, it seemed that their was truly one worry on the minds of the American Citizens: The Rise of Communism. The tensions between the US and Eastern Europe and Asia were consistently on the rise. Our leaders did everything they could to warn their people about the dangers of that type of government and how the country could show the world what the power of a democracy could accomplish. They heavily encouraged scientific and medical advances, an increase in free enterprise, a movement for improved technology, as well as artistic and philosophical ideas. The results received were unbelievable, between the development of nuclear weaponry and advances in space exploration, the introduction of rock and roll, discovery of DNA, a cure for polio, and launch of nationwide television service, this time period may easily have been one of the greatest advances in technology in the history of mankind, but the forces that drove these events to occur had steep political backings, showing that although equal in importance, each could play a direct role on one-another. Now that examples have been given of important technological change affecting politics and vice-versa, it is time to take a closer look at the time period in question: the turn of the 19th century. It had been 36 years since the establishment of the United States and 11 since the new government had been put in place. Although this new government did have some kinks to work out, with some larger problems coming in the future, the vast majority the system did not require change. In the worlds of science, medicine, architecture, etc. , while some advances such as bi-focals, steam engines, and spinning jennys, there was not necessarily an introduction that dramatically changed everyday functions of the citizens of the United States. Therefore, the time period of the early 1800’s, although important, should be marked as somewhat of a stalemate in terms of change. It marked a time in which a country was trying to establish itself among other world powers, a country attempting to survive its infancy. A lot can be said about the concept of change. It can be viewed in both positive and negative light. In terms of political and technological change, it should be said that, no matter positive or negative, they consistently show a correlation between each-other. Major technological change can play an equally important role in how political change can occur, while important political change can play a major role in determining technological change, they both play an equally important part. Looking back through history, examples can be made of Egyptian Pharaohs forcing their people to make technological advances to build ancient temples, cities, and monuments. Also, advances made in travel during the later half of the 2nd millennium forced leaders of major powers to begin interacting on a more regular basis. No matter the time period, these two sections of possible change will never have one show more importance than the other. As citizens, we should always be looking to make the right decisions and holding the correct beliefs, because change is inevitable, but growth is optional. How to cite The Effects Political and Technological Change Have on One Another, Papers

The Relationship Between Faith and Doubt free essay sample

Though the plot of the novel is quite complicated, the explanation for Owens effect on Johnnys faith is extremely simple; Owens life is a miracle he has supernatural visions and dreams, he believes that he acts as Gods instrument, and he has divine foresight of his own death and offers miraculous and almost undeniable evidence of Gods existence. The basic thematic shape of the novel is that of a tension being lifted, rather than a tension being resolved; Johnny struggles throughout the book to resolve his religious faith with his skepticism and doubt, but at the novels end he is not required to make a choice between the two extremes: Owens miraculous death obviates the need to make a choice, because it offers evidence that banishes doubt. Yet Johnny remains troubled, because Owens sacrificial death (he dies to save the lives of a group of Vietnamese children) seems painfully unfair. Johnny is left with the problem of accepting Gods will. In the end, he invests more faith in Owen himself than he invests in God he receives two visitations from Owen beyond the grave and he concludes the novel by making Owen something of a Prince of Peace, asking God to allow Owens resurrection and return to Earth. Of course, the thematic development of the novel is somewhat more complicated and cluttered than that. The presentation of religion in the book is continually undercut with irony and the constant presence of sex. Further the thematic development of the book is also inconsistent and indirect, in part because we are never able to obtain a secure view or outlook of Johnnys mind; he is such a subdued narrator that it is difficult to tell exactly where he stands during much of the novel, which often clouds our sense of his struggle with faith and doubt. This ambiguity underscores the important point that Irvings basic intention for his novel is not to present a philosophical meditation on the nature of God, but rather to tell a clutching story. Beyond a certain point, it is simply not rewarding to analyze the books explicit philosophical content as it is embodied in the books plot. Far richer and more redundant is the books roster of symbols and motifs, many of which are explicitly discussed by Johnny in key passages of the   novel. The most important symbol in A Prayer for Owen Meany is, for the titles sake, Owen; Owen embodies the relationship between the natural and the supernatural (also the novels main theme.    With his tiny, dwarfed body, his oddly glowing skin, and his nasal voice (always represented in the book by capital letters), Owen is not entirely of this world his appearance affirms his bizarre spiritual life, in which he seems to be in direct communication with God. On the other hand, Owen is very much of this world; he grows up in a granite quarry, and his name is Meany a word signifying commonness and smallness to most Gravesend citizens. For all his eccentricity, Owen in many ways represents the spiritual condition of humankind; the difference between most people and Owen is that he is aware of being an instrument of God. His fatalistic faith converges on his apocalyptic knowledge of his own heroic death, for which he prepares all his life. Owen believes that everything happens under the will of God he continues to believe after hitting a foul ball at a Little League game which in turn accidentally kills Johnnys mother. Another key motif in the book is that of armless images and amputation. The book abounds with images of people and objects that lack body parts, most often arms: Watahantowets armless totem, the armless dressmakers dummy, the declawed armadillo, Johns amputated finger, the armless statue of Mary Magdalene, and Owen himself, who loses his arms in the explosion that causes his death, and to a lesser extent Lydias leg amputation. In the book, as Johnny often thinks to himself, armless images represents a number of different ideas: the helplessness of people against the injustice of fate; the pain caused by that injustice; the loss of loved relations or possessions; the surrender of the individual to God (in the sense that God takes ones arms, using them as his instruments as when Owen swings the fatal bat). Structurally, the book favors a rambling, expansive narrative that skips from memory to memory and scene to scene apparently at the whim of Johnnys first-person narration. The memoir-like form of the book means that much of Johnnys experience plays out concurrently with important events in American historythe Kennedy assassination and the Iran-Contra scandal, to name two and Johnnys commentary about these events forms an important sub-theme of the book. Johnnys obsession with America often overshadows his narrative focus on his childhood and his thematic focus on religion, and he frequently loses sight of his story in long diatribes against the Reagan administration. The books psychological study of Johnny is somewhat hazy, because Johnnys nature as a narrator is to keep the focus off himself; but it is clear that, for all his protestations of religious faith, he is a deeply damaged and bitter man as he narrates the story. Throughout much of the book, Johnnys anger about America seems to stem from his feelings of loss and outrage about the death of Owen Meany; whatever else has happened to him, it is clear that he has been unable to move beyond the events that he narrates in the novel. He continues to live in the past.

Health Planning Services

Introduction Health and wellbeing holds a very critical importance in each of us. This importance is only recognisable when we face threat of a potential loss of wellbeing, mobility, or life itself. The ‘rule of rescue’ that we place on our family members, and the community at large means that there is a moral imperative to invest in the wellbeing of known individuals (Sigh Coble 1999).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Health Planning Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health consumes a considerable portion of our national budget. Nevertheless, it generates a significant proportion of economic activity employing over 7.3% of the population. On the other hand, it underpins our economy making it a highly contentious and political issue at the time of election. Despite the important role of the health system, other sectors like education and employment are equally important and influence the sta tus of a country’s health and wellbeing. The health of our populations and the health systems have continued to improve to prevent, diagnose, and treat. The concern of Australian government is to meet the growing healthcare needs with the limited resources. The Australian health system is under pressure. It is under a constellation of problems and gaps harassing the health care system. This is a critique to a report by the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2009): A Healthier Future for all Australians. The paper looks at several areas of the proposed plan, which I feel are inadequate. A System Out Of Balance: Challenges Illnesses Disease tops the rank of biggest of Australian health problems. Lifestyle and chronic diseases have become more common. In the year 2004-2005, 77% of Australians were suffering from at least one long term health related condition. More than 70% of the health sector spending is consumed by chronic conditions (Spiegel Hyman, 1991). The health sector has always been skewed towards the management of sickness rather than encouragement of wellness. Nationally coordinated mechanism to deliver health promotion services to a margin required to influence the cost of chronic diseases are lacking (Singh, Hinze, Coble, 1999).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Workplaces’ role in support of healthy employees is ignored. Level playing field for funding of community based activities and allied healthcare is not maintained. Tension between Private and Public Provision The existence of competitive tension between the private and the public hospitals in the provision lack balance. Patients have to wait for many days in private hospitals as the credibility of public hospitals wane. Health System Is Provider Focussed Than Patient Focussed In the current system, it is the patient who has the role of seeking multiple healt h professionals. The professionals should instead act as a team and practise together to provide care around the whole needs of a person. A Disjunction between Service Provision, Teaching and Research Provision of health care, teaching, and research cause a misunderstanding between corporate and clinical responsibilities of hospitals. Balancing between the three facets of the health system leaves their budget strained while service providers have to balance between being teachers and their patient obligations (Lewis, 2003). Inequities There is a proven gap in access to and in the outcome of health services to different groups in Australia: There is a gap in life expectancy at birth for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples Poor support for mentally unstable patients People living in remote areas have little or no access to health care Basic dental care is beyond the reach of common Australians Inefficiencies A high degree of inefficiencies in terms of poor processes, high costs of medical provision, errors, high administrative costs and ineffective treatments adversely impact on patients’ access to quality health care (Carrin, 2009). There is variation in hospital cost per patient, inefficient primary care delivery, neglect of older patients and so on Vision and Reform Goals The report proposes a sustainable, high quality, and responsive health system. To achieve this level, the government should develop a plan that entail moves to improve health. This is achievable under the three reform goals, namely;Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Health Planning Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More the system be geared towards tackling major access and equity issues that are among issues affecting the health system today Restructuring of the health system to make it better positioned to respond efficiently to emerging issues Creation of a quick and self-improving system capable of long term sustainability. It should be understood that these three reform goal are not phases of reform, they should run concurrently beginning now (Lewis, 2003). Steps to Tackle Major admittance and impartiality concerns Finances to be engaged towards construction of (public) hospitals with major disaster units. This will cater for availability of ready beds and staff. This means that critically sick patients are not kept waiting for long. The maximum time allowed for a sick individual to obtain a range of healthiness services will be identified by the set targets. Redesigning the Health System Propose for establishment of more stand-alone elective surgery services to allow both the planned and emergency patients to be attended efficiently without delays More recovery facilities be built and staffed Establishment of Comprehensive Primary Care Centers and Services for provision of a â€Å"one-stop shop† service. Development of better forms of mutual care across common traditions and specialists. People with chronic diseases and the minority groups will have a choice for registering either with general practice or a primary health care service to provide them with a â€Å"health care home†. Aged care services are given a greater choice, improved primary health, and palliative care support. Embedding liveliness and Self-Improvement Give every citizen a possibility to keep an eye on time. Fund public hospitals depending on the number and the complexity of the patients they treat. The hospices should also be rewarded for performance pointers such as effective communication. Tackling Major Access and Equity Issues This move aims at ensuring that all Australians have access to effective and high quality health services. â€Å"The plan will be turning the aspiration principle into a real and achievable step† (Glanz, Rimer Lewis, 2003). The basis of this goal arises from the realization that there exist health service gaps and inequiti es in the current health system. The focus should be on dental care, public hospitals, and mental health services. Dental care Serious gaps exist in dental health care where a large number of Australians are on the waiting list. Another bigger group cannot access dental health due to high costs associated with treatment. This report proposes a new universal scheme for access to basic dental services – Dental care. Timely access to quality care in public hospitals The reform will improve access to quality care in public hospitals. The whole system will be overhauled. The redesigned system will ensure improved access to primary health care services, recovery after an operation, and support to people with chronic illnesses (Bracht, 1999). Major improvements will be directed to the emergency departments and elective surgery waiting lists. The establishment of National Access Targets will improve on the timeliness of care especially in public hospital services. These changes shoul d serve to strengthen hospitals and make them institution for caring for patients with complex needs (The Commission, 2008). Mental Health Services This plan intends to provide the platform for increased effective response to high prevalence mental health disorder. The reform proposes provision of right support and care services for mentally disturbed people. Ways to ensure there is a range of treatment and support services across health care. Sub-acute services in the community will be expanded (NHHRC, 2009). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health Reduced life expectancy, high maternal and infants rate of mortality and morbidity and low birth weights are some of the issues affecting the Aboriginal and Torres Islander Health. A radical change should be implemented to alter how we take responsibility for improving the health of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander people (Gardner Barraclough, 2002).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A new National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health Authority should be formed mandated with the management of funds set aside for their welfare, affordability of fresh food, fruits and vegetable to the remote communities should be beefed up. Redesigning the Health System to Respond To the Emerging Challenges The current health system is only focused on sickness. It is rather reactive not proactive. Measures should be enforced to avail precautionary interventions, change in ailment patterns, and the aptitude and support to initiate and carry on with prevention. Such a move is highly unlikely as it is not possible for the health sector to go out seeking to encourage people to keep healthy. The proposal to form a new agency geared towards carrying out a strategic and premeditated role in driving an elementary paradigm shift in how populace think about wellbeing is a good idea. However, this is a big job (Bell Shalit, 2003). The work itself will require many hands from both th e governments and the public. Perfecting the agency by reaching out to individuals, the health sector Shifting the curve of health spending towards prevention may likewise meet some challenges especially the service and population based interventions. Research reveals that there is presently no comparable sponsor to invest in such field. This role has to be taken by another agency such as the National Health Promotion and Prevention Agency. Trying to plan on intervention, a common approach to evaluation has to be established. This will entail a consistent evaluation of medical care, pharmaceuticals, prevention and population health intervention etc. Such a wide coverage demands cooperation, which is not always guaranteed from all the sectors. Factors Hindering the Implementation of Planning Health Services Political Factors Certain factors are likely to delay the plan such as the increase in demand for, and the expenditure on the healthcare. These factors include the advances in med ical technology, ageing population, increasing chronic diseases and shifts in consumer expectations. If all these issues are to be addressed, the leadership of all governments must be involved. There is no ‘one health system’ in Australia. If the recommendations are to be met at national level, the leadership must be involved (Bratch, 1999). The problem is that Australia does not have a single government responsible for the health policy, its programs and funding. The reform of the health care will call for the leadership and commitment of all the states as well. Funding Reform covers a wide range of initiatives. The initiatives have differing degrees of implementation difficulty ranging from increased funding for health services. This is a tough call especially during this time of aggravated economic crisis. The government is already carrying extra burden funding existing health service and social insurance. Although health service planning is a means to improving heal th services, duplication of duties in other areas of the systems means the government has to dig deeper for more funds that might be unavailable. Genuine Participation Most of the steps advocated for in health plans require genuine participation, which is not always easy to achieve. Serious measures have to be taken to promote community participation in a meaningful and non-tokenistic way. This participation should also be sourced from regional level. Patients’ Perception and Decisions Some areas will require patient’s decision especially when they are dying. This presents yet another uncontrollable factor in health planning (Carin, 2009). In some instances, the decision making will involve more than just the patient and will include informal and family carers supporting health care services. Time The whole process sometimes requires too much time. Educating millions of people about the new health care plan may take years considering that very many areas have to be int egrated into the society. Health Workforce The scale and magnitude of health plan transformational change requires that the number of service providers be more than tripled. The government budget cannot afford the training of such a large workforce bearing in mind that a large proportion of the workers are aged (Eikenberry, 1990). Conclusion Health planning service is vital constituent in health service delivery. Several factors hinder successful implementation of reforms. Factors such as political play, inadequate funding and lack of enough cooperation, insufficient participation and inadequate health workforce hinder implementation of change. The aspects of time and the breath of the health sector are some of the other hindering factors. Reference List Bell, D., Shalit, A. (2003). Forms of Justice: Critical Perspectives on David Miller’s Political Philosophy. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield. Bracht, N. (1999). Health Promotion at the Community Level: New Advances (2. ed.). L ondon: Sage. Carrin, G. (2009). Health Systems Policy, Finance, and Organization. Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press. Eikenberry, G. (1990). The Seeds Of Health: Promoting Wellness In The 90’s An Anthology On Health Promotion. Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian College of Health Service Executives. Gardner, H., Barraclough, S. (2002). Health Policy in Australia (2nd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., Lewis, F. M. (2002). Health Behavior And Health Education: Theory, Research, And Practice (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Lewis, M. J. (2003). The People’s Health. New York: Greenwood Press. NHHRC (2009). A healthier future for all Australians: final report, June 2009. Canberra: National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission. Singh, A., Hinze, J., Coble, R. J. (1999). Implementation Of Safety And Health On Construction Sites: Proceedings Of The Second International Conference Of CIB Working Commission W99, Honolulu, Hawaii, 24-27 March 1 999. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. Spiegel, A. D., Hyman, H. H. (1991). Strategic Health Planning: Methods And Techniques Applied To Marketing And Management. Norwood: Ablex Pub. Corp. The Commission. (2008). Beyond the Blame Game: Accountability and Performance Benchmarks for the Next Australian Health Care Agreements, A Report. Washington: The Commission. This report on Health Planning Services was written and submitted by user Leo Erickson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Macbeth Symbolism Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Symbolism Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Macbeth Symbolism In our society, darkness tends to be the primary characteristic of evil. A black cat, a dark and stormy night, and a dark alley, for instance, are all modern day symbols of wickedness and evil. Authors many times will use these and other symbols to describe an evil character or setting. William Shakespeare employs the imagery of darkness throughout his play of Macbeth. He uses dark images often to describe instruments of disorder and the evils which characters act upon. In Macbeth, Shakespeare's use of the night's dark hour's give a sense of evil to the play. The words, actions, and descriptions of people such as the witches, Macbeth shows this, and even of other characters who are thought to be against all evil. Evil is present throughout the play, at a time when there is no light, and Scotland is covered by a shadow of darkness. In Macbeth, the witches are a prime source of darkness. First of all, the place and time of the witch's meetings all take on the feeling of darkness. The only times of their meetings are in the middle of the night, and often in terrible conditions of thunder and lightning. The witches meet in a dark cave. The cave is an appropriate setting for the witches because caves are murky and gloomy, and tend to represent the ideas of the underworld and hell. From the conditions and the location that the witches meet, a feeling of evil is already created. The appearance of the witches also adds to the feeling of darkness and evil. The witches are described as being, secret, black, and midnight hags! by Macbeth himself (Act IV, i, 47). The image today of a witch is an old, ugly woman who dresses all in black, and has a wart on her nose, and rides around on a broomstick. The picture hasn't changed much, except for the fact she now rides around on a broom. Witches still practice their magic, cast ing spells and hexes, looking into the future, and creating mystical potions, all things that manifest wickedness. Banquo even refers to the witches as instruments of darkness (Act I, iii, 125) after their first prophecy comes true. The witch's dark meeting place and dark appearance all emphasize their evil nature and the feeling of evil in the play. Nighttime is obviously a key setting for darkness and evil. Besides the witches meeting only at night, the dark hours also host other major event which take place in the play. The murdering of King Duncan takes place at night. Once again, nighttime is a host for the most evil of deeds. Death is by far one of the most villainous acts, and the fact that it takes place at night ties it in with darkness representing evil in the play. Macbeth chooses to murder the king at night because it is the most concealing time to do it. Everyone has retired to their chambers and is sleeping when Macbeth goes to do is evil act. He is able to sneak into the king's room and kill him without waking anyone, and quickly washes his hands and returns to his own room. When Macduff and Malcom wake the castle, Macbeth has already unclothed himself to look as if he were just waking up from the commotion. When the King is discovered dead, all meets in their pajamas and no one is suspected of being awake and kill ing the King. Let's briefly put on manly readiness, and meet i' th' hall together, says Macbeth to put distance between him and the murder. Darkness and the nighttime, in this case, help Macbeth to hide his evil actions. Nighttime is also the time in which Banquo is murdered. Banquo and his son must leave one day from Scone, but will make it back in time for Macbeth's banquet. As far, my lord, as I will fill up the timeI must become a borrower of the night. For a dark hour of twain, Banquo says to Macbeth, stating his intentions. When Macbeth hears that Banquo and Fleance will be returning home at night, he commissions two murderers and says to them The moment on't; for't must be done tonightOf that